Dynadoxy

Each capsule contains Doxycycline (as hyclate) 100 mg.
It provides a broad-spectrum antimicrobial action against Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms, viruses and rickettsiae and also against strains of Staphylococcus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella and Aerobacter organisms or those which have acquired resistance to other antibiotics.
Doxycycline (Dynadoxy) 100 mg is safe and well tolerated by patients. The side effects with its use are extremely low. Initial nausea and vomiting in some patients do not necessitate discontinuation of treatment.

Antibacterial.
Pharmacology: Pharmacodynamics: Doxycycline is mainly bacteriostatic and is thought to exert antimicrobial effects by binding to the 16S rRNA portion of the ribosome, preventing binding of tRNA to the RNA-30S bacterial ribosomal subunit, which is necessary for the delivery of amino acids for protein synthesis. Bacteriostatic antibiotics suppress the growth of bacteria, or keep them in the stationary phase of growth. It has a broad spectrum of activity against a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms, treating numerous infectious diseases.
Pharmacokinetics: Doxycycline is readily absorbed and is bound to plasma proteins by varying degrees. It is almost completely absorbed after oral administration. This drug is highly lipid soluble and has a low affinity for calcium binding label. Absorption is not significantly affected by the concomitant ingestion of food or milk. Peak serum levels of approximately 2.6 mcg/mL are reached at 2 hours following a 200 mg tablet oral dose. Doxycycline diffuses readily into most body tissues, fluid and/or cavities and the volume of distribution has been measured as 0.7 L/kg.
It is metabolized in the liver and gastrointestinal tract and concentrated in bile. In patients with normal renal function, excretion of the active drug is about 30% to 40% in the urine with the remainder eliminated in the feces within 48 hours of dosage. Doxycycline 100 mg has a long half-life ranging from 18 hours after a single dose to 22 hours after repeated doses. Its high persistent serum levels are due to its low renal clearance. A longer-lasting antibiotic protection is hereby attained with just once a day or twice a day dosage of Doxycycline hyclate 100 mg.

Doxycycline (Dynadoxy) 100 mg has been used successfully in the following specific infections.
Respiratory Infections: Single pneumonia, lung abscess, bronchitis, bronchiectasis and pharyngitis.
Ear, Nose, Throat Infections: Tonsilitis, sinusitis, otitis media.
Genitourinary Tract Infections: Urethritis, cystitis, pyelonephritis, nephritis, prostatitis, trigonitis, cellulitis, abscess, infected burns, infected eczema, infected rashes and dermatoses, infected traumatic and postoperative wounds, paronychia (indicated surgical procedures in conjunction with Doxycycline treatment).
Gastrointestinal Infection: Peritonitis, salmonellosis, shigellosis, typhoid fever, cholecystitis, cholangitis.
Obstetrical & Gynecological Infections: Acute puerperal infections and pelvic inflammatory disease.
Ophthalmic Infections: Those due to susceptible strains of Gonococci, Staphylococci and H. influenza.
Miscellaneous Infections: Those due to susceptible strains of Bacteroides, Pasteurella, Brucella (in combinations with Streptomycin), psittacosis, Listeria. Rickettsiae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae (eaton agent, PPLO), H. pertussis, B. anthracis, C. welchii, N.meningitidis, Spirochetes (Treponema), Donovania granulomatis.

Doxycycline (Dynadoxy) 100 mg capsule, usual adult dose: 2 capsules or 200 mg on first day in single or divided doses of 1 capsule every 12 hours; then 1 capsule a day thereafter.
For severe infections: 1 capsule every 12 hours. Or as prescribed by the physician.
For acute gonococcal infections: 200 mg at once and 100 mg at bedtime on the first day, followed by 100 mg twice a day for three days.
As an alternative single visit dose, administer 300 mg at once followed in one hour by a second 300 mg dose. The dose may be administered with food, including milk or carbonated beverage as required.
Primary and secondary syphilis: 300 mg a day in divided doses for at least 10 days.
Treatment should be continued even after the time that symptoms and fever have subsided. In streptococcal infections, therapy should be continued for 10 days to prevent the development of rheumatic fever or glomerulonephritis. The therapeutic antibacterial serum activity will usually persist for 24 hours following recommended dosage.
When used in streptococcal infections, therapy should be continued for 10 days. If gastric irritation occurs, it is recommended that Doxycycline be given with food or milk.

In case of overdosage, discontinue medication. Treat symptomatically and institute supportive measures. Dialysis doses not alter serum half-life and thus would not be of benefit in treating cases of overdosage.

The drug is contraindicated in patients who have shown hypersensitivity to any of the tetracyclines.
The use of the drugs of the tetracycline class in tooth development (last half of pregnancy, infancy and childhood to the age of 8 years) may cause permanent discoloration of the teeth (yellow-gray-brown). This adverse reaction is more common during long term use of the drugs but has been observed following repeated short-term courses. Enamel hypoplasia has also been reported. Tetracycline drugs, therefore, should not be used in this age group unless other drugs are not likely to be effective or as contraindicated.

Photosensitivity manifested by an exaggerated sunburn reaction has been observed in some individuals taking tetracycline. Patients apt to be exposed to direct sunlight or ultraviolet light should be advised that this reaction can occur with tetracycline drugs and treatment should be discontinued at the first evidence of skin erythema.
As with other tetracyclines, this drug forms a stable calcium complex in any bone-forming tissue. A decrease in the fibula growth rate has been observed in prematures given oral Tetracycline in dose 25 mg/kg every 6 hours. This reaction was shown to be reversible when the drug was discontinued. The anti-anabolic action of the tetracycline may cause an increase in BUN, Doxycycline rarely gives rise to increased urea concentration in renal failure.

As with other antibiotics, use of this drug may result in overgrowth of non-susceptible organisms, including fungi. If super infection occurs, appropriate therapy should be instituted.
In venereal diseases when coexistent syphilis is suspected, dark field examination should be done before treatment is started and the blood serology repeated monthly for at least 4 months.
Because the tetracyclines have been shown to depress plasma prothrombin activity, patients who are on anticoagulant therapy may require downward adjustment of their anticoagulant dosage.
In long term therapy, periodic laboratory evaluation of organ systems, including hematopoietic, renal and hepatic studies should be performed.
All infections due to Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci should be treated for at least 10 days to decrease the likelihood of rheumatic fever or acute glomerulonephritis.
Since the bacteriostatic drugs may interfere with the bactericidal action of penicillin, it is advisable to avoid giving tetracycline in conjunction with penicillin.
Use in Children: The drug should not be used in children below 8 years old. (See CONTRAINDICATIONS).

Pregnancy: Teratogenic Effects. Pregnancy Category D.
Lactation: Tetracyclines are excreted in human milk. Consider the risk of potential serious adverse effects to the infant during breastfeeding.

Gastrointestinal: Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, glossitis, dysphagia, enterocolitis and inflammatory lesions (with monilial overgrowth) in the anogenital region. These reactions have been caused by both the oral and parenteral administration of tetracycline.
Skin: Maculopapular and erythematous rashes, exfoliative dermatitis has been reported but is uncommon. Photosensitivity is discussed as previously mentioned (see WARNINGS).
Hypersensitivity reactions: Urticaria, angioneurotic edema, anaphylaxis, anaphylactoid purpura, pericarditis and exacerbation of systemic lupus erythematosus.
Bulging fontanels have been reported in young infants following full therapeutic dosage. This sign disappeared rapidly when the drug was discontinued.
Blood: Hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia and eosinophilia have been reported.

Absorption of tetracyclines is impaired by antacids containing aluminum, calcium, or magnesium, zinc and iron-containing preparations.
Bismuth subsalicylate may impair doxycycline absorption.
Concomitant therapy of tetracycline with anticoagulants may result to prolongation of prothrombin time. Reduction of dose may be necessary.
Bacteriostatic drugs may interfere with the bactericidal action of penicillin and aminoglycosides.
Concomitant use of barbiturates, carbamazepine, phenytoin and other hepatic enzyme inducers may decrease the serum half-life of doxycycline.
Doxycycline may decrease efficacy of contraceptives.
Drug/Laboratory Test Interactions: False elevations of urinary catecholamine levels may occur due to interference with the fluorescence test.

Store at temperatures not exceeding 30°C. Protect from light.

Tetracyclines

J01AA02 - doxycycline ; Belongs to the class of tetracyclines. Used in the systemic treatment of infections.

Rx