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Pharmacology: Alprazolam is a triazolo analogue of benzodiazepine, which is indicated as an anti-anxiety drug in various disorders associated with anxiety. Alprazolam has a dose related depressant effect on the central nervous system varying from mild to impairment of task performance to hypnosis.
Pharmacokinetics: Alprazolam is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract after oral doses, peak plasma concentrations being achieved within 1 to 2 hours of a dose. The mean plasma half-life is 11 to 15 hours. Alprazolam is 70 to 80% bound to plasma proteins, mainly albumin. It is metabolized in the liver, primarily by the cytochrome P450 isoenzyme CYP3A4. Metabolites include α-hydroxyalprazolam, which is reported to be about half as active as the parent compound, 4-hydroxyalprazolam, and an inactive benzophenone. Plasma concentrations of metabolites are very low. Alprazolam is excreted in urine as unchanged drug and metabolites.
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