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The most common acute adverse reactions are related to the CNS and cardiovascular systems. These are generally dose-related and may result from overdose, rapid absorption from the injection site, diminished tolerance, or unintentional intravascular injection.
Cardiovascular: Myocardial depression, hypotension, decreased cardiac output, bradycardia, ventricular arrhythmias, etc.
CNS: Restlessness, anxiety, dizziness, drowsiness merging into unconsciousness and respiratory arrest.
Gl: Nausea, vomiting.
Hypersensitivity.
Respiratory: Respiratory impairment or paralysis.
Miscellaneous: High or total spinal block, paralysis of the lower extremities, headache and backache, persistent motor, sensory, or autonomic deficit, etc.
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