Bizyx Adverse Reactions

The pattern of adverse drug reactions seen with atropine and other antimuscarinics can mostly be related to their pharmacological actions at muscarinic and, at high doses, nicotinic receptors. These effects are dose-related and are usually reversible when therapy is discontinued. The peripheral effects of atropine and other antimuscarinics are a consequence of their inhibitory effect on muscarinic receptors within the autonomic nervous system. At therapeutic doses, adverse drug reaction include dryness of the mouth with difficulty in swallowing and talking, thirst, reduced bronchial secretions, dilatation of the pupils (mydriasis) with loss of accommodation (cycloplegia) and photophobia, flushing and dryness of the skin, transient bradycardia followed by tachycardia, with palpitations and arrhythmias, and difficulty in micturition, as well as reduction in the tone and motility of the gastrointestinal tract leading to constipation. Some of the central effects of atropine and other tertiary antimuscarinics seen at toxic doses (see Overdosage) may also occur at therapeutic doses.