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Sodium salts should be used cautiously in patients with cardiac failure, hypertension, impaired renal function, peripheral and pulmonary edema, and in toxaemia of pregnancy.
Potassium salts should be administered by mouth in well-diluted solutions. Intravenous injections should be given slowly as high blood concentrations may affect cardiac functions. Potassium salts should be given cautiously to patients with renal or adrenal insufficiency, acute dehydration or heat cramps. Care should be exercised if potassium salts are given concomitantly with potassium-sparing diuretics.
Glucose tolerance may be impaired in patients with renal failure and in the early post-traumatic state or in those with severe sepsis.
