Xuvan/Xuvan XL Mechanism of Action

Xuvan: Pharmacology: Mechanism of action: The precise mechanism of action of sodium hyaluronate is unknown; however, proposed dual mechanisms of sodium hyaluronate activity include: Mechanical/Physical: Replaces osteoarthritis (OA) synovial fluid with higher HA concentration-improves viscosity.
Restores shock-absorbing, lubricating ability of depleted synovial fluid.
Maintains boundary layer around nociceptors, reducing pain induction.
Physiological: Induces biosynthesis of HA and extracellular matrix components.
Reduces proteoglycan loss in cartilage and apoptosis of chondrocytes.
Reduces inflammatory cell activities to reduce HA degradation.
Reduces induction of pain mediators.
Pharmacokinetics: Hyaluronic acid occurs naturally in body tissues and fluids. It is secreted by cells in synovial membranes, in healthy synovial joints, maintains viscosity of synovial fluid and supports lubricating and shock absorbing properties of the cartilage. In osteoarthritis synovial fluid is decreased in viscosity and elasticity. Sodium hyaluronate replaces diseased synovial fluid. Following intraarticular use, sodium hyaluronate permeates cartilage and solely moves through joint tissues, it then passes through the lymph system into systemic circulation. Hyaluronic acid is metabolized by hyaluronidase in synovium.