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As for many cephalosporins, probenecid reduces the renal clearance of cefotaxime, resulting in higher and prolonged plasma concentrations of cefotaxime and its desacetyl metabolite.
The total body clearance of cefotaxime has been reduced in patients with normal and reduced renal function by the ureidopenicillins azlocillin or mezlocillin. Doses of cefotaxime may need to be reduced if either of these penicillins is being given. Encephalopathy with focal motor status and generalised convulsions have been reported in a patient with renal failure given cefotaxime and high doses of azlocillin.
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