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Corticosteroid.
Pharmacology: Pharmacodynamics: Prednisone is a biologically inert glucocorticoid which is converted to prednisolone in the liver. It has the same chemical relationship to prednisolone as cortisone has to hydrocortisone.
Prednisone is a non-fluorinated glucocorticoid for systemic therapy.
Prednisone shows a dose-dependent effect on the metabolism of almost all tissues. Under physiological conditions, these effects are vital to maintain homoeostasis of the organism at rest and under stress, as well as for the control of the activities of the immune system.
In doses typically prescribed for PRED, prednisone has an immediate anti-inflammatory (antiexudative and antiproliferative) effect and a delayed immunosuppressive effect. It inhibits chemotaxis and the activity of immune cells as well as the release and effect of mediators of inflammatory and immune reactions, e.g. of lysosomal enzymes, prostaglandins and leucotrienes.
Prolonged therapy with high doses results in impaired response of the immune system and of the adrenal cortex. The mineralotropic effect that is pronounced in hydrocortisone is still detectable in prednisone and may require monitoring of serum electrolyte levels.
Pharmacokinetics: In general, corticosteroids are readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. They are also well absorbed from sites of local application and are rapidly distributed to all body tissues. They cross the placenta and may be excreted in small amounts in breast milk. Metabolism is mainly in the liver but also occurs in the kidneys, while excretion is through the urine.
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