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Metronidazole has antiprotozoal and antibacterial actions and is effective against Trichomonas vaginalis and other protozoa including Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia and against anaerobic bacteria.
It is used in the treatment of trichomoniasis of the genitourinary tract in males and females; it does not affect the normal acidophilic flora of the vagina and it has no effect on Candida sp. Resistant strains of T. vaginalis have occasionally been reported. In amoebiasis, it is effective at all sites of infection and is used in the treatment of amoebic dysentery and amoebic liver abscess as well as for the eradication of E. histolytica from patients passing cysts. Metronidazole is also used in the treatment of giardiasis and Vincent's infection, and in the prevention and treatment of anaerobic infections.
Use in Anaerobic Infections: Metronidazole is active against obligate anaerobic bacteria eg, Bacteroides spp and Fusobacterium spp, in the treatment of infections due to such bacteria and in the prevention of postoperative anaerobic infections. It is bactericidal.
Injection: Treatment of infections in which anaerobic bacteria have been identified or are suspected as pathogens, particularly Bacteroides fragilis and other species of bacteriodes and including other species for which metronidazole is bactericidal. For the prevention of post-operative abdominal and pelvic infections due to anaerobic bacteria.
