Medgyl

Each tablet contains: Metronidazole 500 mg.
Each 5 mL (1 teaspoonful) contains: Metronidazole (as benzoyl) 125 mg.
Metronidazole has activity against protozoa and anaerobic bacteria. It has a wide range of uses including amoebiasis, giardiasis, trichomoniasis, vaginosis, antibiotic-associated colitis, surgical infection prophylaxis, peptic ulcer, inflammatory bowel disease, rosacea and dracunculiasis. Common adverse effects involve the gastrointestinal tract. Neurological effects can occur especially with high doses.

Pharmacology: Pharmacokinetics: Metronidazole is readily absorbed following administration by mouth and bioavailability approaches 100%. Peak plasma concentrations of approximately 5 and 10 μg per mL are within 1 to 2 hours after single doses of 250 and 500 respectively. Some accumulation and consequently higher concentrations occur when multiple doses are given. Absorption may be delayed, but is not reduced over all by administration with food.
Following the intravenous administration of metronidazole, peak-steady steady state plasma concentrations of about 25 μg per mL with trough concentrations of about 18 μg per mL have been reported in patients given a loading dose of 15 mg per kg body weight followed by 7.5 mg per kg every 6 hours. The bioavailability of Metronidazole from rectal suppositories is 60 to 80%; peak plasma concentrations are half those with equivalent oral doses and occur after about 5 to 12 hours. Absorption from vaginal pessaries has been reported to be poor.
Metronidazole is widely distributed. It appears in most body tissue and fluid bile, bone, breast milk, cerebral abscesses, saliva, seminal fluid and vaginal secretions and achieves concentrations similar to those in plasma. No more than 20% is bound to plasma proteins.
The elimination half-life of Metronidazole is about 8 hours; that of the hydroxy metabolite is slightly longer. The half-life of Metronidazole is reported to be longer in neonates and in patients with severe liver disease; that of hydroxy metabolite is prolonged patients with renal failure.

For the treatment of asymptomatic and symptomatic Trichomoniasis infection due to susceptible anaerobic, giardiasis (Gardia intestinalis), vaginalis and other protozoa including Entamoeba histolytica and live abscess.

Metronidazole is given in dose of 400 to 800 mg three day by mouth for 5-10 days.
Children: aged 1-3 years: may be given one-quarter; aged 3-7 years: one third; aged 7-10 years: one half-life the adult alternatively; 35 to 50 mg/kg body weight daily in divided does has been suggested or as prescribed by physician.

Metronidazole has been shown to be carcinogenic in mice and possibly carcinogenic in rats. Unnecessary use of the drug should be avoided.

Metronidazole should be used with great care in patients with blood dyscrasias or with active disease of the central nervous system. All patients receiving Metronidazole for more than 10 days should be monitored and treatment discontinued if signs of peripheral neuropathy or CNS toxicity develop. Doses should be reduced in patients with severe liver disease.
It is suggested that the use of Metronidazole should be avoided during pregnancy, especially the first trimester and especially high-dose regimens. Some authorities consider that women taking Metronidazole should not breast-feed their babies.

The adverse effects of Metronidazole are generally dose-related. The most common are gastrointestinal disturbances, especially nausea and unpleasant metallic taste; nausea is sometimes accompanied by headache, anorexia and vomiting. Diarrhea, dry mouth a furred tongue, glossitis and stomatitis may also occur. There have been rare reports of antibiotic-associated colitis associated with metronidazole.
Peripheral neuropathy, usually presenting as numbness or tingling in the extremities and epileptiform seizures are serious adverse effects on the nervous system that have been associated especially with high doses of Metronidazole or prolonged treatment. Weakness, dizziness, ataxia, drowsiness, insomnia and change in mood or mental state as depression or confusion have also been reported.
Temporary moderate leucopenia may occur in some patients receiving Metronidazole. Skin rashes and pruritus occur occasionally and anaphylaxis has been reported rarely. Other side effects including urethral discomfort and darkening of the urine. Raised liver enzyme values have occasionally been reported. Thrombophlebitis may follow the intravenous administration of Metronidazole.
Studies have shown Metronidazole to be mutagenic carcinogenic in some animals.

Store at temperatures not exceeding 30°C.

Other Antiprotozoal Agents / Other Antibiotics

P01AB01 - metronidazole ; Belongs to the class of nitroimidazole derivatives antiprotozoals. Used in the treatment amoebiasis and other protozoal diseases.

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