Pregnancy: Ciprofloxacin crosses the placenta.
Studies in rats and mice given doses of up to six times the usual daily human dose have not shown that ciprofloxacin causes adverse effects on the fetus. Studies in rabbits given oral doses of 30 and 100 mg/Kg have shown that ciprofloxacin causes gastrointestinal disturbances, resulting in maternal weight loss and an increased incidence of abortion. However, these studies have not shown that ciprofloxacin is teratogenic at either dose. Studies using intravenous doses of up to 20 mg/Kg have not shown that ciprofloxacin causes maternal toxicity, embryotoxicity, or teratogenic effects.
Breastfeeding: Ciprofloxacin is known to be distributed into breast milk. Fluoroquinolones have been shown to cause permanent lesions of the cartilage of weight-bearing joints, as well as other signs of arthropathy, in immature animals. Therefore, if an alternative antibiotic cannot be prescribed and a fluoroquinolone must be administered, breastfeeding is not recommended.
Fertility: Adequate and well controlled studies in humans have not been done. Studies in rats and mice given doses of up to six times the usual daily human dose have not shown that ciprofloxacin causes adverse effects on fertility.
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