Alkalinization of the urine may lead to increase renal clearance and decrease therapeutic effect of lithium and acidic drugs such as chlorpropamide, salicylates, tetracyclines and barbiturates.
Conversely, alkalinization of the urine prolongs the half-life and may result in increased therapeutic effect or toxicity of basic drugs e.g. amphetamines and ephedrine/pseudoephedrine.
The effect of oral bicarbonate or bicarbonate-forming compounds in raising intra-gastric pH may reduce or increase the rate and/or extent of absorption of a number of drugs including antacids, laxatives and other antibiotics.
Concurrent use of antacids with citrates may result in systemic alkalosis.
Concomitant administration of antacids with Sodium Citrate salts and Sodium Bicarbonate may promote the development of calcium stones in patients with uric acid stones and may also cause hypernatremia.
Concurrent use of aluminium-containing antacids with citrate salts can increase aluminum absorption, possibly resulting in acute aluminium toxicity, especially in patients with renal insufficiency.
Citrates may reduce the solubility of quinolones e.g. ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin or ofloxacin in the urine. Crystalluria and nephrotoxicity may result.
Hexamine hippurate/mandelate (inactive) is hydrolysed to formaldehyde (active) in acidic urine. Sodium Citrate/Bicarbonate alkalinizes the urine preventing formation of formaldehyde and thus reduces the antibacterial effect of hexamine.
Combination should be avoided. Concurrent administration of citrates with laxatives may have an additive effect.