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Compounds which have been investigated in clinical pharmacokinetic studies include Hydrochlorothiazide, Warfarin, Digoxin, oral contraceptives (i.e. Ethinyl estradiol/Levonorgestrel), Glibenclamide, Nifedipine and Enalapril. No clinically significant pharmacokinetic interactions with these medicinal products have been identified.
Concomitant use of potassium-sparing diuretics, potassium supplements, salt substitutes containing potassium, or other medicinal products (e.g. Heparin) may increase potassium levels. Monitoring of potassium should be undertaken as appropriate.
Reversible increases in serum Lithium concentrations and toxicity have been reported during concomitant administration of Lithium with ACE inhibitors. A similar effect may occur with AIIRAs. Use of Candesartan with Lithium is not recommended. If the combination proves necessary, careful monitoring of serum Lithium levels is recommended.
When AIIRAs are administered simultaneously with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (i.e. selective COX-2 inhibitors, Acetylsalicylic acid (>3 g/day) and non-selective NSAIDs), attenuation of the antihypertensive effect may occur.
As with ACE inhibitors, concomitant use of AIIRAs and NSAIDs may lead to an increased risk of worsening of renal function, including possible acute renal failure, and an increase in serum potassium, especially in patients with poor pre-existing renal function. The combination should be administered with caution, especially in the elderly. Patients should be adequately hydrated and consideration should be given to monitoring renal function after initiation of concomitant therapy, and periodically thereafter.
