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Anuria, oliguria, or significant impairment of renal function (creatinine clearance under 40 ml/min.) are contraindications to nitrofurantoin therapy. Treatment of this type of patient carries an increased risk of toxicity because of impaired excretion of the drug. For the same reason, the drug is much less effective under these circumstances.
Nitrofurantoin is contraindicated in pregnant patients at term as well as in infants under 1 month of age, because of the possibility of hemolytic anemia due to immature enzyme systems (glutathione instability).
Known hypersensitivity to nitrofurantoin.
