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It is a piperazine derivative and a metabolite of hydroxyzine. It competes reversibly with histamine to block the histamine (H1) receptor sites. Cetirizine hydrochloride is considered a long acting non-sedating antihistamine and has some mast-cell stabilizing activity.
Cetirizine hydrochloride is long-acting antihistamine causing little or no drowsiness. It does not demonstrate any antimuscarinic activity. This drug competes reversibly with histamines which are released from mast cells. Once bound to H1 receptor sites in the tissues, cetirizine hydrochloride inhibits histamine-induced allergic reactions by blocking eosinophil infiltration to the size of allergen-induced cutaneous reactions.
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