Nurocer

Nurocer 800 mg is a light orange to orange capsule form film-coated, plain on one side and bisected on the other side.
Nurocer 1.2 g is a light orange to orange plain capsule shaped film-coated tablet.
Each Film-coated tablet contains: Piracetam 800 mg and 1.2 g.

Nootropic.
Pharmacology: Pharmacodynamics: Piracetam acts on the CNS and has been described as a "nootropic", it is said to protect the cerebral cortex against hypoxia. It is also reported to inhibit platelet aggregation and reduce blood viscosity at high doses.
Piracetam binds physically in a dose-dependent manner to the polar head of phospholipids membrane models, inducing the restoration of the membrane lamellar structure characterized by the formation of mobile drug-phospholipid complexes. This accounts for an improved membrane stability, allowing the membrane and transmembrane proteins to maintain or recover the three-dimensional structure or folding essential to exert their function.
Piracetam has neuronal and vascular effects.
Neuronal effect: Piracetam protects and restores cognitive abilities in animals and man after various cerebral insults such as hypoxia, intoxications and electroconvulsive therapy. It protects against hypoxia-induced changes in brain function and performance assessed by electroencephalograph (EEG) and psychometric evaluations.
Vascular effect: Piracetam applies its hemorrhagic effect to thrombocytes, erythrocytes and the walls of the blood vessels by increasing the deformability of erythrocytes, reducing the aggregability of thrombocytes, reduces the adhesion of erythrocytes to the walls of vessels and reduces capillary vasospasm.
Pharmacokinetics: Absorption: Piracetam is rapidly and extensively absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract; peak plasma concentrations are reached within 1.5 hours after oral doses. The absolute bioavailability of piracetam is close to 100%. Food does not affect the extent of absorption of piracetam but it decreases Cmax by 17% and increases Tmax from 1 to 1.5 hours.
Distribution: Piracetam is not plasma protein bound and volume distribution is 0.61/kg. Piracetam crosses the blood brain barrier (BBB) and it has been measured in cerebrospinal fluid (if administered intravenously); Piracetam diffuses to all tissues except adipose tissues, crosses placental barrier and penetrates the membranes of isolated red blood cells.
Metabolism: Piracetam is not known to be metabolized in the human body. The lack of metabolism explains the lengthy plasma half-life in anuric patients and high recovery of parent compound in urine.
Elimination: The major route of excretion is via urine, accounting for 80% to 100% of the dose. Piracetam is excreted by glomerular filtration.

Piracetam is used as an adjunct in the treatment of myoclonus of cortical origin. It is also used in dementia.

Piracetam is given in doses of 7.2 g daily increasing by 4.8 g per day every 3 or 4 days up to a maximum of 20 g daily, given in 2 or 3 divided doses or as prescribed by the physician.

No additional adverse drug reaction have been reported with piracetam. The highest reported overdose with piracetam is 75 g where in bloody diarrhea with abdominal pain was observed.
In acute, significant overdosage, the stomach may be emptied by gastric lavage or by induction emesis. There is no specific antidote for overdose with piracetam. Treatment for an overdose will be symptomatic treatment and may include hemodialysis.

Piracetam is contraindicated in: Hypersensitivity to piracetam, and other pyrrolidone derivatives; Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) (with renal creatinine clearance of less than 20 mL/minute); Patients with cerebral hemorrhage; Patients suffering from Huntington's Chorea.

1.2 g and 800 mg film-coated tablet: This product contains FD&C yellow #5 (tartrazine) which may cause allergic-type reactions (including bronchial asthma) in certain susceptible persons.

Piracetam should not be given to patients with hepatic impairment or severe renal impairment. Therapy with piracetam should not be withdrawn abruptly.

Pregnancy: There are no adequate or well-controlled studies conducted in pregnant women. Piracetam should not be used during pregnancy unless clearly necessary, when benefit exceeds the risks and the clinical condition of the pregnant mother requires treatment with piracetam.
Lactation: Piracetam is excreted in human breast milk.
Piracetam should not be used during breastfeeding or breastfeeding should be discontinued, while receiving treatment with benefit of breastfeeding for the child and the benefit of therapy for the woman.

Piracetam is reported to produce insomnia or somnolence, weight gain, hyperkinesis, nervousness and depression. Diarrhea and rashes may occur at a lower frequency.

Warfarin: Piracetam causes an increase in prothrombin time in patient who had been stabilized on warfarin.
Thyroid hormones: Confusion, irritability and sleep disorder have been reported during concomitant treatment with thyroid extract (specifically, T3 + T4).

Store at temperatures not exceeding 30°C.

Nootropics & Neurotonics/Neurotrophics

N06BX03 - piracetam ; Belongs to the class of other psychostimulants and nootropics.

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