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Pharmacology: Brompheniramine maleate is a histamine antagonist, specifically an H1-receptor blocking agent belonging to the alkylamine class of antihistamines. Antihistamines appear to compete with histamine for receptor sites on effector cells.
Brompheniramine also has anticholinergic (drying) and sedative effects. Among the antihistamine effects, it antagonizes the allergic response (vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, increased mucus secretion) of nasal tissue.
Brompheniramine is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, with peak plasma concentration after a single oral dose of 4 mg reached in 5 hours, urinary excretion is the major route of elimination mostly as products of biodegradation; the liver is assumed to be the main site of metabolic transformation.
Phenylephrine hydrochloride is a sympathomimetic which acts predominantly on alpha receptors and has little action on beta receptors. It therefore functions as an oral nasal decongestant with minimal central nervous system (CNS) stimulation.
