Humulin N Mechanism of Action

Pharmacotherapeutic group: Cartridge and Vial: Insulins and analogues for injection, intermediate-acting. KwikPen: Insulins and analogues for injection, intermediate acting combined with fast acting. ATC code: Vial: A10A C01. KwikPen: A10A D01.
Pharmacology: Pharmacodynamics: Insulin Human (rDNA) (Humulin N) is an intermediate acting insulin preparation.
The prime activity of insulin is the regulation of glucose metabolism.
In addition, insulin has several anabolic and anti-catabolic actions on a variety of different tissues. Within muscle tissue this includes increasing glycogen, fatty acid, glycerol and protein synthesis and amino acid uptake, while decreasing glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, ketogenesis, lipolysis, protein catabolism and amino acid output.
The typical activity profile (glucose utilization curve) following subcutaneous injection is illustrated as follows by the heavy line. Variations that a patient may experience in timing and/or intensity of insulin activity are illustrated by the shaded area. Individual variability will depend on factors such as size of dose, site of injection temperature and physical activity of the patient.
Cartridge: See Figure 1.

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Vial: See Figure 2.

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KwikPen: See Figure 3.

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Pharmacokinetics: The pharmacokinetics of insulin do not reflect the metabolic action of that hormone. Therefore, it is more appropriate to examine glucose utilization curves when considering the activity of insulin.
Toxicology: Preclinical safety data: Insulin Human (Humulin) is human insulin produced by recombinant technology. No serious events have been reported in subchronic toxicology studies. Human insulin was not mutagenic in a series of in vitro and in vivo genetic toxicity assays.