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Pharmacology: Pharmacodynamics: Ketoanalogues + Essential Amino Acids Tablet allows the intake of essential amino acids while minimizing the amino nitrogen intake.
Following ingestion the ketoanalogues are transaminated by taking nitrogen from non-essential amino acids, thereby decreasing the formation of urea by reusing the amino group. The levels accumulating uremic toxins are decreased. Keto- and/or hydroxy-acids do not elicit hyperfiltration of residual nephrons. Keto acid containing supplements have a positive influence on the renal hyperphosphatemia and secondary hyperparathyroidism can improve renal osteodystrophy. The use of Ketoanalogues + Essential Amino Acids Tablet in association with a very low protein diet allows a reduced intake of nitrogen while avoiding the deleterious consequences of inadequate dietary intake and malnourishment.
Pharmacokinetics: The plasma kinetics of amino acids and their integration in metabolic pathways are well established. It should nevertheless be noted that, in uremic patients, the plasma disturbances do not seem to depend on digested amino acid intake, and that the post-absorptive kinetics seems to be disturbed very early in the development of the disease in normal individuals, there is an increase in the plasma level of ketoanalogues, 10 minutes after oral ingestion. These levels reach values that are approximately 5 times higher than the initial level. Peak levels are reached within 20-60 minutes, and normal levels are reached again after 90 minutes. Gastrointestinal absorption is thus very rapid. In the plasma a simultaneous increase in levels of ketoanalogue and the corresponding amino acid show that transamination of the ketoanalogues is very rapid. Due to the natural pathways of disposal of ketonic acids in the organism, it is probable that exogenous intakes are very rapidly integrated into metabolic cycles. Ketoacids follow the same catabolic pathways as the classical amino acids. No specific study on ketoacid excretion has been performed to date.
