IntramuscularActive immunisation against typhoid fever caused by Salmonella typhiAdult: As solution for inj containing 25 mcg of purified Vi capsular polysaccharide of Salmonella typhi (Ty2 strain) per 0.5 mL: 0.5 mL as a single dose given at least 2 weeks before potential exposure to typhoid infection via deep IM inj in the deltoid area or anterolateral aspect of the mid-thigh. Booster dose: 0.5 mL single dose every 2-3 years for patients with repeated or continuous exposure to Salmonella typhi. Recommendations on immunisation schedule and route of administration may vary among individual products or between countries (refer to specific product or local official guidelines).
Child: As solution for inj containing 25 mcg of purified Vi capsular polysaccharide of Salmonella typhi (Ty2 strain) per 0.5 mL: ≥2 years Same as adult dose. Recommendations on immunisation schedule and route of administration may vary among individual products or between countries (refer to specific product or local official guidelines).
OralActive immunisation against typhoid fever caused by Salmonella typhiAdult: As enteric-coated cap containing live attenuated strain of Salmonella typhi Ty21a ≥2x109 bacteria: Primary immunisation: 1 cap every other day (days 1, 3, and 5) for a total of 3 doses. Doses must be completed at least 1 week prior to potential exposure to typhoid infection. Booster dose: Repeat full course of primary immunisation every 3 years for patients with repeated or continuous exposure to Salmonella typhi. Alternative immunisation recommendation: Primary immunisation: 1 cap every other day (days 1, 3, 5, and 7) for a total of 4 doses. Doses must be completed at least 1 week prior to potential exposure to typhoid infection. Booster dose: Repeat full course of primary immunisation every 5 years for patients with repeated or continuous exposure to Salmonella typhi. Recommendations on immunisation schedule may vary among individual products or between countries (refer to specific product or local official guidelines).
Child: As enteric-coated cap containing live attenuated strain of Salmonella typhi Ty21a ≥2x109 bacteria: ≥6 years Same as adult dose. Recommendations on immunisation schedule and approved age groups may vary among individual products or between countries (refer to specific product or local official guidelines).
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Vaccine, typhoid Should be taken on an empty stomach. Take 1 hr before meals. Swallow whole, do not chew/open.
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Hypersensitivity. Oral: Congenital or acquired immunodeficient state including patients on immunosuppressive or antimitotic treatment; acute febrile or gastrointestinal illness. Pregnancy. Administration during pregnancy may vary between countries (refer to specific product guidelines).
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Patient with bleeding disorders including thrombocytopenia (IM). Patients receiving anticoagulant therapy (IM). Not intended for the treatment of typhoid fever or used for chronic typhoid carrier. Delay vaccination in patients with moderate or severe acute illness (with or without fever); persistent diarrhoea or vomiting (oral); and during periods of severe immunosuppression (IM) including patients receiving chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or other immunosuppressive treatment (e.g. high-dose corticosteroids), if appropriate. Vaccination may be given in patients with mild acute illness (with or without fever). Children. Pregnancy (IM) and lactation. Administration during pregnancy may vary between countries (refer to specific product guidelines).
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Significant: Hypersensitivity or anaphylactoid reactions; syncope, shoulder injury (e.g. bursitis or tendinopathy), bleeding or haematoma particularly in patients with bleeding disorders (IM).
Gastrointestinal disorders: Nausea, diarrhoea, vomiting, abdominal pain.
General disorders and administration site conditions: Fever, malaise, fatigue; pain, erythema, swelling, and induration at the inj site (IM).
Metabolism and nutrition disorders: Decreased appetite (oral).
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders: Myalgia, arthralgia.
Nervous system disorders: Headache.
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: Rash, pruritus.
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IM/Parenteral/PO: Z (Live attenuated vaccines are generally contraindicated and inactivated vaccines may be used if clinically required. Consult product literature or clinical guidelines for specific recommendations.)
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Avoid ingestion or contact with potentially contaminated food and water.
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Monitor for signs of hypersensitivity reactions and syncope for 15 minutes after vaccination.
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Antibacterials (e.g. sulfonamides) or antimalarials (e.g. chloroquine, mefloquine, proguanil) may diminish the therapeutic effect of the oral typhoid vaccine. Recommendations regarding the concurrent administration of the oral typhoid vaccine with these medicines may vary among individual products or between countries (refer to specific product or local official guidelines).
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Oral: May reduce the diagnostic effect of tuberculin tests.
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Description:
Mechanism of Action: Typhoid vaccine contains a live attenuated strain of Salmonella typhi (Ty21a strain) as an oral capsule and inactivated Vi capsular polysaccharide of Salmonella typhi (Ty2 strain) as a solution for IM inj. The exact mechanism of action of live oral Ty21a vaccine is unknown; however, it appears to induce the production of both intestinal and serum antibodies, as well as cell-mediated immune responses. The inactivated Ty2 vaccine stimulates the production of specific antibodies targeting the Vi antigen, thereby promoting active immunity against Salmonella typhi.
Onset: Immunity: Approx 1 week (oral); within 2 weeks (IM).
Duration: Immunity: >5 years (oral); approx 2 years (IM).
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Store between 2-8°C. Do not freeze. Protect from light.
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J07AP - Typhoid vaccines ; Used for active immunizations.
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Anon. Typhoid Vaccine. AHFS Clinical Drug Information [online]. Bethesda, MD. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. https://www.ahfscdi.com. Accessed 05/09/2024. Biocelect New Zealand Ltd. Vivotif Oral data sheet 24 January 2024. Medsafe. http://www.medsafe.govt.nz. Accessed 05/09/2024. Brayfield A, Cadart C (eds). Typhoid Vaccines. Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference [online]. London. Pharmaceutical Press. https://www.medicinescomplete.com. Accessed 05/09/2024. Joint Formulary Committee. Typhoid Vaccine (Inactivated). British National Formulary [online]. London. BMJ Group and Pharmaceutical Press. https://www.medicinescomplete.com. Accessed 05/09/2024. Joint Formulary Committee. Typhoid Vaccine (Live). British National Formulary [online]. London. BMJ Group and Pharmaceutical Press. https://www.medicinescomplete.com. Accessed 05/09/2024. Pharmacy Retailing (NZ) Ltd t/a Healthcare Logistics. Typhim Vi Solution for Injection data sheet 20 June 2022. Medsafe. http://www.medsafe.govt.nz. Accessed 05/09/2024. Typhim Vi Injection, Solution (Sanofi Pasteur Inc.). DailyMed. Source: U.S. National Library of Medicine. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed. Accessed 05/09/2024. Typhim Vi Solution for Injection (Sanofi Pasteur Europe). MHRA. https://products.mhra.gov.uk. Accessed 05/09/2024. Typhim Vi, Solution for Injection in Prefilled Syringe (Sanofi-Aventis [Malaysia] Sdn. Bhd.). National Pharmaceutical Regulatory Agency - Ministry of Health Malaysia. https://www.npra.gov.my. Accessed 05/09/2024. Typhoid Vaccine. UpToDate Lexidrug, Lexi-Drugs Multinational Online. Waltham, MA. UpToDate, Inc. https://online.lexi.com. Accessed 05/09/2024. Vivotif (Bavarian Nordic A/S). MHRA. https://products.mhra.gov.uk. Accessed 05/09/2024. Vivotif Capsule, Coated (Bavarian Nordic A/S). DailyMed. Source: U.S. National Library of Medicine. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed. Accessed 05/09/2024.
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