There is evidence of a dose-relationship for adverse effects associated with zolpidem hemitartrate use, particularly for certain CNS and gastrointestinal events. As recommended in Dosage & Administration, they should in theory be less if zolpidem hemitartrate is taken immediately before retiring, or in bed. They occur most frequently in elderly patients.
Immune system disorders: Not known: angioneurotic oedema.
Psychiatric disorders: Common: hallucination. agitation, nightmare. Uncommon: confusional state, irritability. Not known: restlessness, aggression, delusion, anger, psychosis, abnormal behaviour, somnambulism (see Precautions), dependence (withdrawal symptoms, or rebound effects may occur after treatment discontinuation), libido disorder.
Most of these psychiatric undesirable effects are related to paradoxical reactions.
Nervous system disorders: Common: somnolence, headache, dizziness, exacerbated insomnia, anterograde amnesia: (amnestic effects may be associated with inappropriate behaviour). Not known: depressed level of consciousness.
Eye disorders: Uncommon: diplopia.
Gastrointestinal Disorders: Common: diarrhea.
Hepatobiliary disorders: Not known: Liver enzymes elevated.
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: Not known: rash, pruritus, urticaria.
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders: Not known: muscular weakness.
General disorders and administration site conditions: Common: fatigue. Not known: gait disturbance, drug tolerance, fall (predominantly in elderly patients and when zolpidem was not taken in accordance with prescribing recommendation).
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