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Overview
Gout is a condition wherein there is increased urate in the
body, also called hyperuricemia, that leads to deposition of monosodium urate
(MSU) monohydrate crystals in various tissues (eg joints, connective tissue,
kidney), as stated in the Introduction
section.
In the US and Europe, the estimated prevalence of gout is 3%
of the adult population, while the prevalence of gout in the Asia-Pacific
region varies. A detailed discussion about the prevalence of gout is in the Epidemiology section.
The Pathophysiology section states that gout develops due to the accumulation
and crystallization of uric acid, forming monosodium urate (MSU) crystals. The development process of gout is in this
section.
The causes of hyperuricemia are excessive uric acid production and
decreased renal clearance. Discussions on these causes are in the Etiology section.
The Risk Factors section explains the factors that increase
the likelihood of developing gout and associated metabolic abnormalities and
comorbidities associated with gout.
Gout_Disease SummaryHistory and Physical Examination
The Clinical Presentation section lists the clinical phases of gout and their clinical manifestations.
Diagnosis
The Diagnosis or
Diagnostic Criteria section
features the gout classification criteria, which were developed by the American
College of Rheumatology (ACR) and the European League Against Rheumatism
(EULAR) in 2015. The EULAR recommendations for the diagnosis of gout and the
diagnostic rule for gout in the primary care setting are also in this section.
Discussion on synovial fluid analysis, serum urate levels
and other additional laboratory examination that are essential in the diagnosis
of gout is in the Laboratory Tests and
Ancillaries section.
Other conditions that should be ruled out in the evaluation
of gout are listed in the Differential
Diagnosis section.
Management
The Pharmacological
Therapy section discusses in
detail the treatment for acute gouty arthritis and long-term treatment for
gouty arthritis.
The Nonpharmacological
section includes things to educate the patient about gout and the importance of
lifestyle modification and physical treatment in the management of gout.
Indications for considering surgical options in the
treatment of chronic tophaceous gout are in the Surgery
section. Debridement, extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy and
percutaneous nephrolithotomy are also discussed in this section.
