Many drugs have been shown to influence the magnitude and/or duration of action of non-depolarising neuromuscular blocking agents, including the following:
Increased Effect: By anaesthetic agents such as enflurane, isoflurane, halothane (see Dosage & Administration) and ketamine, by other non-depolarising neuromuscular blocking agents or by other drugs such as antibiotics (including the aminoglycosides, polymyxins, spectinomycin, tetracyclines, lincomycin and clindamycin), anti-arrhythmic drugs (including propranolol, calcium channel blockers, lignocaine, procainamide and quinidine), diuretics, (including frusemide and possibly thiazides, mannitol and acetazolamide), magnesium and lithium salts and ganglion blocking drugs (trimetaphan, hexamethonium).
Rarely, certain drugs may aggravate or unmask latent myasthenia gravis or actually induce a myasthenic syndrome; increased sensitivity to non-depolarising neuromuscular blocking agents might result. Such drugs include various antibiotics, beta-blockers (propranolol, oxprenolol), anti-arrhythmic drugs (procainamide, quinidine), anti-rheumatic drugs (chloroquine, D-penicillamine), trimetaphan, chlorpromazine, steroids, phenytoin and lithium.
Administration of suxamethonium to prolong the effects of non-depolarising neuromuscular blocking agents may result in a prolonged and complex block which can be difficult to reverse with anticholinesterases.
Decreased Effect: A decreased effect is seen after prior chronic administration of phenytoin or carbamazepine.
Treatment with anticholinesterases, commonly used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease e.g. donepezil, may shorten the duration and diminish the magnitude of neuromuscular blockade with cisatracurium.
No Effect: Prior administration of suxamethonium has no effect on the duration of neuromuscular block following bolus doses of NIMBEX or on infusion rate requirements.