Ammonium chloride

Severe: Contraindicated.

Severe: Contraindicated.

Dilute vial containing 5 mEq/mL with NaCl 0.9% solution to provide a final concentration not to exceed 1% - 2% ammonium chloride solution.

Incompatible with alkalis, carbonates and with lead and silver salts.

Severe renal or hepatic impairment.

Patients with pulmonary insufficiency, cardiac oedema, primary respiratory acidosis. Not intended to be administered when metabolic alkalosis due to vomiting of hydrochloric acid is accompanied by loss of Na. Mild to moderate renal and hepatic impairment. Pregnancy.

Significant: Ammonia toxicity (e.g. pallor, diaphoresis, bradycardia, arrhythmia, retching, twitching).
General disorders and administration site conditions: Inj site reaction (e.g. pain, irritation, phlebitis, venous thrombosis, infection).
Investigations: Acidosis, hypokalaemia, EEG abnormalities.
Metabolism and nutritional disorders: Hyperglycaemia.
Nervous system disorders: Headache, hyperreflexia.
Psychiatric disorders: Hyperventilation, mental confusion.
Renal and urinary disorders: Glycosuria.
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: Rash.

IV: C

Monitor serum bicarbonate levels and carbon dioxide combining power blood level. Monitor for signs and symptoms of ammonia toxicity e.g. pallor, sweating, irregular breathing, vomiting.

Symptoms: Metabolic acidosis, disorientation, confusion and coma. Management: Administration of an alkalinising solution such as Na bicarbonate or Na lactate to correct acidosis.

May enhance the adverse effect with K-sparing diuretics. May increase the serum concentration of chlorpropamide, salicyclates. May decrease the serum concentration of amantadine, amphetamines, mecamylamine, α/β-agonists.

Description:
Mechanism of Action: Ammonium chloride is an electrolyte replenisher and systemic acidifier. It increases acidity by increasing free hydrogen ion concentration. The therapeutic effects depend upon the ability of the kidney to utilize ammonia in the excretion of an excess of fixed anions and the conversion of ammonia to urea by the liver, thereby liberating hydrogen and chloride ions into the extracellular fluid.
Pharmacokinetics:
Absorption: Rapidly absorbed from gastrointestinal tract after oral administration.
Metabolism: Metabolised in the liver to form urea and hydrochloric acid.
Excretion: Via urine.

Source: National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Database. Ammonium chloride, CID=25517, https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Ammonium-chloride (accessed on Jan. 20, 2020)

Store between 20-25°C.

Thuốc ho & cảm

B05XA04 - ammonium chloride ; Belongs to the class of electrolyte solutions used in I.V. solutions.

Anon. Ammonium Chloride. AHFS Clinical Drug Information [online]. Bethesda, MD. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. https://www.ahfscdi.com. Accessed 01/08/2018.

Anon. Ammonium Chloride. Lexicomp Online. Hudson, Ohio. Wolters Kluwer Clinical Drug Information, Inc. https://online.lexi.com. Accessed 01/08/2018.

Buckingham R (ed). Ammonium Chloride. Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference [online]. London. Pharmaceutical Press. https://www.medicinescomplete.com. Accessed 01/08/2018.